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wiki:dr_history [2022/01/28 16:44] henri.godfrin@neel.cnrs.fr created |
wiki:dr_history [2022/02/10 17:43] (current) henri.godfrin@neel.cnrs.fr |
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====== History of Dilution Refrigeration ====== | ====== History of Dilution Refrigeration ====== | ||
- | * The dilution refrigerator | + | * The principle |
* H. London, G.R. Clarke, and E. Mendoza proposed a prototype of continuous refrigerator in 1962. | * H. London, G.R. Clarke, and E. Mendoza proposed a prototype of continuous refrigerator in 1962. | ||
- | * | + | |
* It was realized in 1964 in the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium at Leiden University by Das, P.; Ouboter, R. B.; Taconis, K. W. (1965). //A Realization of a London‐Clarke‐Mendoza Type | * It was realized in 1964 in the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium at Leiden University by Das, P.; Ouboter, R. B.; Taconis, K. W. (1965). //A Realization of a London‐Clarke‐Mendoza Type | ||
Refrigerator// | Refrigerator// | ||
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* B.S. Neganov and co‐workers in Dubna and H.E. Hall and co‐workers in Manchester went below 100 mK (1966). Dubna rapidly reached 25 mK. | * B.S. Neganov and co‐workers in Dubna and H.E. Hall and co‐workers in Manchester went below 100 mK (1966). Dubna rapidly reached 25 mK. | ||
- | * The principles and methods of dilution refrigeration | + | * The principles and methods of dilution refrigeration |
+ | |||
+ | * Sydoriak suggested in 1968 the use of plastic heat exchangers due to the low Kapitza resistance (cited in [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Radebaugh and Siegwarth suggested in 1974 the use of sintered silver powders in low temperature heat exchangers. [[https:// | ||
- | * Radebaugh and Siegwarth suggested the use of sintered silver powders in low temperature | + | * Plastic |
- | * Modern « wet » refrigerators are based on the CNRS‐Grenoble | + | * Modern « wet »large |
- | * « Dry » refrigerators were developed by K. Uhlig et al. on GM coolers | + | * « Dry » refrigerators were developed |
- | * « Dry » refrigerators were developed on Pulse‐tube coolers, independently by K. Uhlig et al. (2002) and by H. Godfrin et al. (1999 to 2003, first commercial unit delivered by Air Liquide in 2003) | + | * The large refrigerator built in Lancaster (G.R. Pickett |
- | * The large refrigerator built in Lancaster (G.R. Pickett et al.) holds the present record of low temperatures, |