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Two-Level System as a Quantum Sensor for Absolute Calibration of Power
T. Hönigl-Decrinis, R. Shaikhaidarov, S.E. de Graaf, V.N. Antonov, O.V. Astafiev
A two-level quantum system can absorb or emit not more than one photon at a time. Using this
fundamental property, we demonstrate how a superconducting quantum system strongly coupled to a
transmission line can be used as a sensor of the photon flux. We propose four methods of sensing the
photon flux and analyze them for the absolute calibration of power by measuring spectra of scattered radiation from the two-level system. This type of sensor can be tuned to operate in a wide frequency range,
and does not disturb the propagating waves when not in use. Use of a two-level system as a power sensor enables a range of applications in quantum technologies, here in particular applied to calibrate the
attenuation of transmission lines inside dilution refrigerators.
Phys. Rev. Applied 13, 024066 (2020)
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.13.024066
arxiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.05104